At first the settlement Medan opened Guru Patimpus location is located in the Land Deli, since the colonial days people always couple with Deli Medan (Medan, Deli). After the time of independence over time the term Medan Deli gradually disappear so that the end is less popular.
Formerly named the Land of the start of the Snake River Deli (Deli Serdang) down to the River Wampu in Langkat whereas Deli Sultanate ruling at that time did not cover the territory between the two rivers.
Overall soil types in the Deli area consists of clay, sand, soil mix, black soil, brown soil and red soil. This is the study of Van Hissink in 1900, followed by research Vriens 1910 that in addition to the type of soil as there was again found that specific types of clay. This clay at the Dutch colonial place called Burnt Offering Stone (now the East Field or Menteng) the burning of high quality brick and one brick factory at the time it is Deli Klei.
About rainfall in the Land Deli classified two types namely: Maksima Main and Additional Maksima. Main maxima occur in the months of October s / d in December was the month of January Maksima Additional s / d September. In detail, the rainfall in Medan on average 2000 per year with an average intensity of 4.4 mm / h.
According to Volker Medan in 1860 is still a jungle here and there, especially dimuara-mouth of the river settlements interspersed with people from Karo and the Malaya peninsula. In 1863 the Dutch began to open a tobacco plantation in Deli Land Deli was the star. Since then the economy continues to grow so that the field into the City center of government and the economy in North Sumatra.
Kampung Medan and Deli Tobacco
At the beginning of its development is a small village named "Field Daughter". The development of Kampung Medan "Princess" is inseparable from its strategic position as it is situated at the confluence of rivers and streams Babura Deli, not far from the Green Princess now. Both of these rivers in ancient times the traffic is quite busy trade, and thus the Kampung Medan "Princess" which is the forerunner of the city of Medan, quickly evolved into a very important transit port.
More and more people flock to this village and wife who founded the village teacher Patimpus Medan gave birth to her first born a male and named the Kolok serving. Livelihoods of people in Kampung Medan which they named the Top Ten with two Kuta is the farming of pepper plant. Not long after
The second child was born teacher and child Patimpus even this man called the Kecik.
In his day is considered one Patimpus Teachers who were thinking ahead. This is proven by having the children studied (studying) Datuk read the Quran to Build a City and then deepen the religion of Islam to Aceh.
Statement confirming that the Kampung Medan is a description of H. Muhammad Said is quoted in books Deli In Beeld en Woord N.Ten written by Cate. The statement said that the Kampung Medan old fort and the rest is still composed of two layers of wall-shaped roundabout located between two rivers namely dipertemuan River Deli and Babura river. Administrates the house is situated opposite the river from the village of Medan. If we see that the location of the Kampung Medan is in the House and the Castle now houses the office administrates the PTP IX Tobacco Deli is now.
Around the year 1612 after two decades standing Kampung Medan, Sultan Iskandar Muda in Aceh sends a powerful commander who holds a named Gocah hero Admiral Bintan Horse to become leaders who represent the kingdom of Aceh in the Land Deli.
Gocah Hero opens a new country in Sungai Lalang, Percut. As Mayor and Deputy Sultan of Aceh and Aceh empire by making use of greatness, Gocah hero managed to expand their territories, to include sub Percut Sei Tuan and the District of Medan Deli now. He also founded the villages of Mount Klarus, Sampali, City Build, Pulau Brayan, Java City, the City and Sigara Rengas Percut a fight.
With the emergence of a hero Gocah Deli Empire began developing in 1632 and married the daughter of Heroes Gocah Datuk Sunggal. After the marriage of the kings in Kampung Medan Gocah give up on Heroes.
Gocah hero died in 1653 and was succeeded by his son Tuangku Perunggit Commander, who then proclaimed the independence of the Sultanate of Deli Sultanate of Aceh in 1669, with its capital in Labuan, about 20 km from Medan.
John Anderson an Englishman to visit Kampung Medan in 1823 and recorded in his book Mission to the East Coast of Sumatra that the Kampung Medan population at that time still amounted to 200 people, but he sees only resident dipertemuan between the two rivers. Anderson mentions in his book "Mission to the East Coast of Sumatra" (published Edinburgh 1826) that along the Deli River to the Kampung Medan walls of the mosque was built with granite stones of a square. These stones are taken from an ancient Hindu temple in Java.
The rapid development of Kampung Medan "Princess", is also not free from tobacco plantations are very famous for its tobacco Delinya, which is the best tobacco for cigar wrappers. In 1863, Sultan Deli gave Van der Nienhuys Falk and Elliot of the firm Van Keeuwen en Mainz & Co., the land area of 4000 shoulder (1 shoulder = 0.74 ha) is erfpacht Sepassi 20 years at the Cape, near Labuan. Examples of tobacco deli. March 1864, examples of the crop delivered to Rotterdam in the Netherlands, to test its quality. It turned out that tobacco leaves are very good and high quality for cigar wrappers.
Then in 1866, Jannsen, P.W. Clement, Cremer and de Deli Maatscapij Nienhuys established in Labuan. Then the expansion of new plantations in areas Martubung, Sunggal (1869), Rice and Klumpang River (1875), so the number reached 22 plantation companies in 1874. Given the activities of the tobacco trade is already very broad and growing, Nienhuys moved from Labuan to the corporate office Kampung Medan "Princess". Thus the "Kampung Medan Putri" is becoming increasingly crowded, and then developed with a name better known as the "city of Medan".
Legend of Medan
According to legend in ancient times have lived in the old Deli Sultanate of about 10 km from Kampung Medan in Deli Tua which is now a very beautiful lady and her beauty was named Miss Green. Princess Beauty is famous everywhere from Aceh to the northern tip of Java island.
Sultan fell in love with the princess and asked her to be queen. Sultan proposal was rejected by two male relatives Princess Green. Aceh Sultan was very angry because the refusal was regarded as an insult to him. Then came the war between the Sultanate of Aceh with Deli Sultanate.
According to the legend mentioned above, the use of his supernatural powers of a green princess transformed into a dragon and a longer sepucuk cannon that never stopped shooting at soldiers in Aceh until his death.
KesultananDeli long suffered defeat in the war and because the disappointment is transformed into the Crown Prince's cannon exploded in part, was thrown to the rear and front Labuhan Deli kedataran high Karo approximately 5 Km from Kabanjahe.
Green's daughter kidnapped and put in a glass box that is loaded into the ship for onwards brought to Aceh. When the ship reached the end of Jambo Aye, Miss Green beg held a ceremony for him before the casket lowered from the ship. At his request, be submitted to him some rice and thousands of eggs and the host application is granted Princess. But it just started all of a sudden uapacara berhembuslah almighty storm waves followed very high.
From the sea comes the brother who has been transformed into a serpent, and with a large jaw that took his sister locked box, and then carried into the sea.
This legend is still popular samapai among the Deli and also even in the Malay community in Malaysia.
Deli is still there in the ruins of Old Fort and castle dating back to Miss Green, the rest of the cannon is the Green Lady's brother incarnation can be seen in Medan Maimun Palace yard.
4. Dutch colonial rule in the Land Deli
Dutch who colonized the archipelago more than half a century to master the Land Deli but they are very much under challenge is not small. Their experience of war in Java with a prince Diponegoro circa 1825-1830. The Netherlands is very much a loss, while for the control of Sumatra, the Dutch war against Aceh, Minangkabau, and Sisingamangaraja Tapanuli area.
So in order to master the Land Deli Dutch only about 78 years starting from year 1864 to 1942. After the war ended before the Governor General of Java, Netherlands den Bosch J.Van troops deployed to Sumatra, and he expected to master the whole of Sumatra may take 25 years. Dutch conquest of the Sumatra is stopped half way because at that time the Dutch Minister of Colonies sent JCBaud Dutch troop in Sumatra, although they have beaten Minangkabau known as Padri War (1821-1837).
Sultan Ismail, who ruled in Riau suddenly attacked by a mob boss named Britain by Adam Wilson. Because at that time limited the power of Sultan Ismail asked for protection in the Netherlands. Since then it is an opportunity for the Kingdom of the Netherlands for control of Siak Sri Indrapura the king was Sultan Ismail. On February 1, 1858 Sultan Ismail urged the Netherlands to sign the agreement in order to conquer the kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura including Deli Serdang Langkat and Sumatra into the Dutch East. Because the region has entered the Dutch Deli otomatislah Kampung Medan became the Dutch colony, but not the physical presence of the Dutch master Land Deli.
In 1858 Elisa also Netscher was appointed Resident District Riau and since then also he raised himself to defend the Sultan Ismail, who ruled the kingdom of Siak. Netscher's goal is to seat him as a defender of Sultan Ismail would be politically easier for Netscher ruled the conquered kingdom of Siak the Deli that included the village of Medan Putri.
The development of Medan Putri became the center of trade has pushed into the center of government. 1879, the capital was moved from the Resident Assistant Deli Labuhan to Medan, March 1, 1887, the Capital of East Sumatra resident of Bengkalis also moved to Medan, Deli Sultan's Palace, which was originally located in Kampung Bahari (Labuan) also moved with the completion of construction of the Palace Maimoon on 18 May 1891, and thus the capital was officially moved to Deli Medan.
In 1915 Residency of East Sumatra, improved his position to Gubernemen. In 1918 Medan officially became Gemeente (Township) with the Mayor Baron Daniel Mac Kay. Based on the "Acte van Schenking" (Deed of Grant) No. 97 Notary JM Junior de-Hondt, November 30, 1918, the Sultan of Deli give up land to the city of Medan Medan Gemeente, thus officially became the territory under direct rule of the Dutch East Indies. In the early days of this Township, Medan is comprised of four villages, namely Kesawan village, Kampung Sungai Rengas, and Kampung Kampung Hulu Petisah Petisah Downstream.
In 1918 there were 43 826 inhabitants Medan soul consisting of 409 European men, Indonesia 35 009 people, 8269 people of China and other Eastern Foreign 139 people.
Since then more rapidly growing city of Medan. Various facilities are built. Some are the Office of Experiment Stations AVROS in Kampung Baru (1919), now RISPA, Brandan relationship Railway Base - Besitang (1919), the U.S. Consulate (1919), the School Teachers in Indonesia Jl. H. M. Yamin is now (1923), Weekly Soematra (1924), Association of Pool Field (1924), Central Market, RS Elizabeth Hospital Eye Clinic and Sports Ground Garden Flowers (1929).
Historically the development of Medan city, since its inception has been to position the center of trade (export-import) in the past. maketh the field as being the capital of deli also has made progress to the center of Medan city government. to date in addition is one of the city, as well as well as the capital of North Sumatra Province.
The Japanese Occupation
In 1942 the Dutch colonial rule ended in Sumatra when the Japanese landed in some areas such as Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra, the Japanese landed in East Sumatra.
Japanese troops landed in Sumatra is an soldier XXV
based on Shonanto better known by the name of Singapore, they landed precisely 11 pm on March 12, 1942. These forces consist of the Imperial Guards Division-2 coupled with the 18 Division led by the Letjend. Nishimura. There are four landing sites they are the Sabang, Ulele, Kuala Bugak (near East Aceh Peurlak now) and the Cape Oysters (Coal area now).
Japanese troops landed at the Cape of Oyster is coming into the city of Medan, they ride bikes that they bought from the people around them in barter. Their slogan that they help people because they are brothers Asia Old Asian people so that they dieluelukan welcome him.
When the transfer of power to the Japanese city of Medan Dutch mess, the natives use this opportunity to take revenge against the Netherlands. This situation immediately disciplined by the Japanese army to deploy troops called "Kempetai" (Japanese Military Police). With the inclusion of Japan in Medan circumstances soon change, especially its civil administration which the Dutch called "Gemeente Bestuur" by the Japanese transformed into "Field Sico" (Municipal Government). Who served the civil administration in the Township of Medan when it's up to the end of Japanese rule named Hoyasakhi. To the level of residency in East Sumatra due to the heterogeneous society called Syucokan that when it is occupied by T.Nakashima, resident assistant called Gunseibu.
Japanese mastery of increasingly rampant in the city of Medan they make more poor people, because of the condition so they more easily control the entire archipelago, the motto is the motto of his old course. Adjacent to the eastern city of Medan Marindal now built a kind of collective farms Kengrohositai. Yellow Titi area of Medan Johor now not far from the airport Polonia now they build a foundation of military aircraft.
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